Early Treatment Plays an Important Role in Solving Problems

1.1 Causes of Dementia Syndrome

Dementia refers to a group of symptoms that affect the memory, social abilities as well as thinking process of an individual. It can also be defined as memory loss, decline in problem-solving skills, language identification, and thinking skills. There are several causes of dementia syndrome which include: Alzheimer's, vascular, Pick's disease, and Huntington's disease.

1. Alzheimer's: One of the most common and important causes of dementia syndrome is Alzheimer's. It is caused by some progressive changes as well as damage to the brain. When the brain is damaged it affects the way of communication of an individual due to the dying of brain cells and decelerators of connectors (Sheets, 2017). Alzheimer's disease which is the main cause of dementia is found and accounts for approximately 60-80% of cases. There are several regions and parts of the brain that perform several functions like movement, memory, etc. But when cells of a particular part of the brain get damaged then it stops functioning and it becomes the reason for dementia and memory loss. Pick' disease is like Alzheimer's which is the main cause of dementia but it is somehow far less common. It affects those parts of the brain that control human behaviors and emotions, personality, and identification of languages. Mood changes, poor social skills, and repetitive behaviors are some symptoms of this disease or cause of dementia.

2. Vascular: In addition, it can be said that vascular dementia is another cause of dementia syndrome. Vascular disease is caused by a lack of oxygenated blood which creates barriers and paths to reach blood into the brain (Uwagbai and Kalish, 2018). It directly affects some parts of the brain which stop functioning. In regard to this disease and its causes, it can also be said that it does not only impact some parts of the brain but also becomes the reason for heart diseases, high blood pressure, diabetes as well as dementia with Lewy bodies. Lewy body protein directly affects the way in which the brain functions. There is no specific cause of dementia with Lewy bodies.

1.2 Types of Memory Impairment Experienced by Individuals With Dementia

There are several parts of the brain which affect the most in cases of dementia. 4 main types of memory impairment that are being experienced the most with dementia include decline in memory, changes in behaviors, movement difficulties, and loss of skills. Rather than all these main areas there are some other types of memory impairment such as abilities of people that fluctuate and communication problems.

1. Memory loss or decline in memory is one of the important types and the most experienced area that people with dementia face. There is a part of the brain that remembers some events that occur in life and in the whole process of recognizing events, people take different types of new information, identify and remember different and new people, and separate facts from fiction. In most of the cases of dementia, this part of the brain is affected and damaged which directly becomes the reason for memory loss (Parikh and et.al., 2016). In this type, people with dementia find difficulties in identifying people, and languages, taking new information, etc. So, it can be said that it is one of the most obvious symptoms of dementia.

2. Behaviour changes: In some cases in dementia, people undergo with behavioral changes at the time of disease. In this type, people with dementia mainly ask the same questions in a repetitive manner and become anxious. Changes in behaviors can be more stressful. As the disease of dementia people increases, their closed one's behavior may seem inappropriate as they become frustrated and stressed. They also lose their skills of expressing as well as understanding themselves.

3. Judgement: It is another main symptom that happens in moderate types of dementia. People of this type become confused and frustrated, so they cannot judge and identify the difference between right and wrong. They also need help in performing their own daily work such as bathing and dressing (Hill and et.al., 2019). They cannot make effective decisions.

1.3 Ways That How Individuals Process Information With to The Limitations And Abilities of Individuals With Dementia

There are several ways by which individuals process information such as; long-term memory, short-term memory, information processing, etc. In this context of ways individuals process information, it can be said that the human brain is made up of approximately 100 billion cells and the main cells which is responsible for individual processing information are neurons (Wolters, Kelly, and Kilgour, 2016). There is a process and way of functioning of neuron cells that complete individual process information. When these cells are on then it sends electrical pulses down the axons and the body which is like a fibre. At the end of this part or fiber, there is a small part from where chemicals are released which are known as neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters travel between the gaps of neurons. All 100 billion cells split into 2 main halves of the brain which are known as the right and left hemispheres. Those people who are suffering from memory loss and dementia, with damaged right hemisphere face difficulty in getting new information as well as putting existing information together effectively. On the other hand, people with dementia affecting the left hemisphere face difficulties in using appropriate knowledge as well as organizing themselves in an efficient manner. They are more likely to suffer from depression (Windle and et.al., 2018).

The parietal lobe is one of the main four lobes of the cerebral cortex which is mainly responsible for functioning sensory information, spelling, calculations, and understanding body awareness. If it gets affected then people with dementia face problems in the identification of languages, interpreting information as well as recognition. On the other hand, the occipital lobe is responsible for visual processing and the ability of an individual to identify the differences between colors, shapes, and others. So, it can be said that individual process information works accordingly.

1.4 Factors That Cause Changes in an Individual's Condition And Not Be Attributable in Dementia

There are several factors that become the reason for dementia rather such as brain stroke, brain injury, stress, poor diet, medication, lack of sleep, etc. All these factors change an individual's condition. When an individual does not get proper diet and sleep then they cannot perform activities in an efficient manner and become frustrated. It can cause fatigue and this fatigue directly affects their social skills, and coordination. They also find difficulties in having trust in others. So, it can be said that lack of sleep and improper diet are some of the main factors that cause changes in an individual's condition and become the reason for dementia (Boyle and et.al., 2019).

One of the other main factors that cause changes and reason for dementia is medication. There are several types of medications that have side effects. Some medications have a direct impact on some parts of the brain which can cause individuals to become disoriented and affect their memory to a great extent in a negative manner. It can also be said that some people with mild cognitive impairment have an increased risk of dementia as compared to those people without mild cognitive impairment. In addition, it is also stated that people over the age of 65 who were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment developed dementia and became victims of dementia in the 3 years.

Stress is also identified as one of the main factors that affect the immune system. Poor immune systems affect physical and mental health. People with poor immune systems are more likely to become victims of diseases, and they take time to be cured. Stress is closely related to depression and anxiety. People with anxiety and depression become restless and it affects some parts of their brain. So, it can be said that stress, medication, poor diet, and lack of sleep are some major risk factors for dementia (Irwin and Vitiello, 2019).

1.5 Why Abilities And Needs of an Individual With Dementia May Fluctuate

In the context of dementia, it can be said that the needs and abilities of a person with dementia may change or fluctuate because of the progression of disease. When an individual suffers from any type of disease then they become frustrated and in the case of dementia, people become stressed and it may change their behaviors because it affects some parts of the brain. They find difficulties in sleep and when an individual does not take proper rest and work on a continuous basis then it is natural to become frustrated (Holle, Turnquist, and Rudolph, 2019). So, lack of sleep is one of the main reasons for the fluctuation of needs and behaviors of people with dementia. In addition, it can also be said that it does not only make them frustrated but also increases memory difficulties. It makes the worst condition related to memory and identification of things.

In the later and critical stage of dementia, people become dependent on others who care for them. For example, in later stages, people with dementia find difficulties in identifying the difference between right and wrong, so they find difficulties in bathing and dressing. A person who cares for them also becomes frustrated which somehow affects their performance and improves their health. People with dementia even face problems in communication because they lose the ability to speak and exhibit unusual behavior. So, in this context, it can be said that changes occur in physical appearance, weight loss, and lack of sleep directly impact their mental health. These changes have an impact on mental health which makes them frustrated. It can also be said that people with dementia become more demanding and restless, and they find difficulties in believing what is right, real, and what is wrong (Ashton, 2016).

2.1 Describe the Impact of Early Diagnosis And Follow-Up to Diagnosis.

Early diagnosis is considered to be an important aspect as it gives the better understanding and chances to the patients and respective family to take the necessary level of actions which is happening in uncharacteristic life. It has been strongly evidenced that the early level of diagnosis in case of dementia helps more manner to live independently in their respective home for longer periods. The early diagnosis makes things easier at longer perspectives as the patients suffering from dementia is able to be more level of participate in having more level of decision making. The importance of it as it helps in gaining access amount of information along with resources and support for patients who suffer from dementia. The early diagnoses demystify the quality of life that can be prevailed in the life of dementia patients. The patients can have better planning for the future and benefit from the futuristic treatment. The early diagnosis will also help in treatments to have the major level of curing to get the most level of informativeness of those who are planning to have close futuristic use. The early diagnoses will be able to have the right level of support along with encouragement so that there could be an active role and participation in managing the level of dementia patients' living conditions. It's important to remember that everyone experiences dementia and its progression in their own way.

2.2 Explain the Importance of Recording Possible Signs or Symptoms of Dementia in an Individual in Line With Agreed Ways of Working.

Recording is considered to be an important aspect that could be helpful in tackling the different levels of habits along with patterns of behavior. This could be helpful in assessing the proper level of indication which h can be the sense of improvements or worsen the different levels of situation. The nurse should properly record all the levels of improvement along with signs in the case of dementia as it will help the senior doctor to have an understanding regarding the present case of dementia patients. The written or virtual level of recording has to the factual, legible, dated, and signed by the person delivering the service it needs to be authenticated and confidential. The patients of dementia should have an equal level of recording of all the aspects in order to have transience the behavior. This will help in assigning the risk and more clearer understanding of the systematized situation when it turns to worsen. The recording should be properly checked by the top management in an agreed regular basis in order to have reinsurance of over different perspective. This will also help in underrating the market level of changes in order to be discussed with senior professionals. These record changes will help in analyze the impact on mental health which makes them frustrated. It can also be said that people with dementia become more demanding and restless, and they find difficulties in believing what is right, real, and what is wrong.

2.3 Explain the Process of Reporting Possible Signs of Dementia Within Agreed Ways of Working

As the nurse, it is the major level of responsibility to have the major level of changes in terms of patient condensation which is considered to be an obligation of nurses along with duty of care. In the case of dementia, if the patient has been seen with some symptoms which can turn out to be dangerous in the future time should be immediately reported to a professional with a sense of responsibility. The signs that can be observed under the patients can be such as confusion, repeating the sentence in a repetitive manner, and getting confused at simpler points. The nursing team should have the proper way of altering with regard to the rounding sites in the patients who are suffering from dementia at a higher level. The patient would be referred to the mental health assessment team in order for an assessment to be placed and then referred to a consultant for a diagnosis. It can also be said few people with mild cognitive impairment have actually increased risk of dementia as compared to other people without mild cognitive impairment. In addition, it is also stated that people over the age of 65 who were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment developed dementia and became victims of dementia in the 3 years. There is a major level of situation in which individuals have a major sense of difficulty in order to have the thinking in more appropriate manner along with sr in terms of thought process and end up losing the social level of awareness.

2.4 Describe the Possible Impact of Receiving a Diagnosis of Dementia on: - the Individual - Their Family And Friends

The impacts of receiving the level of diagnosis in terms of dementia which is considered to be individual around as the people or well. This is because to have a major level of involvement in new lifestyles it is necessary to prepare the outcomes roasted to the diagnostician. The individual with dementia has the preparation seek to help to have administration to himself with regard to help and acceptance of it. So it is important to have professional help and understand the moments when you are not able to perform of common task. There is needed to take the major level of serious discussion along with the proper level of planning ahead which will be regarding the major level of legal representative. Friends and family have also future plans in order to well recognize the various levels of symptoms that will help in recognizance different levels of recantations and take care of the respective condition in the upcoming life.

3.1 Differentiate Between The Person-Centred and a Non-Person-Centred Approach to Dementia Care.

3.2 Describe a Range of Different Techniques That Can Be Used to Meet The Fluctuating Abilities And Needs of the Individual With Dementia

A person with dementia has similar abilities that need to continue to change. Sometimes, they can feed themselves, and other times, they cannot properly figure out what to do. it has required to use the observation technique by staff member to identify the behavior of members. Even it makes a plan for recording regular activities in terms of health care. A small change will help for person to improve their abilities because of dementia. On the other hand, it also accomplishes the daily tasks that are required to help them with eating, dressing, and so on.

• Cognitive training technique: it is the most suitable method that is mainly used for the treatment of fluctuation abilities during dementia while improving the performance of the patient. This type of technique is based on the improvement of cognitive abilities (Matar and et.al., 2020). In order to achieve practices function and contribute to the development. Healthcare professionals will be used in daily tasks to improve overall abilities.

On the other hand, there are different alternative approaches that are useful to meet the fluctuating abilities and needs of individuals with dementia such as:

• It is important to develop a Safe environment for individuals so that they can feel free to improve and control their abilities in proper manner.
• Use of assistive techniques
• It enables to creation positive environment and interaction with individuals, who suffer from dementia.
• Use appropriate activities and exercise.

It also considered the different approaches that help provide awareness among individuals so that they can easily identify their own personality (Matar and et.al., 2020). The main thing is to explore their abilities and focus on their daily activities. healthcare professionals always focus on daily activities which provides a better way to understand the causes of dementia and then apply techniques.

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3.3 Range of Different Techniques That Can Be Used to Meet the Fluctuating Abilities And Needs of the Individual With Dementia

There are a range of techniques and the applicability of these techniques depends on individuals who are dealing with dementia.

Reality Centred Approach

In this approach, patients are helped to engage themselves and connect with their surroundings. In this technique environment which includes dates, locations, and surroundings is frequently pointed out during conversations with the person dealing with dementia. This approach when effectively used can benefit a person dealing with dementia in a nursing home.

This technique involves-

• Talking about orientation including date and time during communication.
• Frequently involving names of people.
• Discussion about present events.
• Asking questions about their memories.

Many studies have found that this technique helps in the cognitive functioning of people dealing with dementia.

Validation Technique

This technique emphasizes empathy and listening. These seniors in Nursing homes are considered to be at the final stage of their lives and are trying to resolve the unfinished business of their lives so they can finish their lives in peace. Validation is about the person's needs in dealing with dementia. In this people dealing with dementia instead of ignoring and stopping behavior that is considered as irrational or illogical behavior, this technique offers an alternative. This gives importance to each and every individual. This technique considers that all people are valuable no matter if they have any disorientation. This technique considers that rather than trying to bring the person dealing with dementia in reality others should try to enter into their reality. This will be more beneficial for the person as will avoid any type of illusion that person can have.

3.4 how Maths And Stereotypes Related to Dementia May Affect Individual And Their Carers

There are various myths and stereotypes about dementia and people dealing with that. People dealing with dementia are considered unfortunate human beings which is not right. They should be viewed as any other human being dealing with a different mental stage and should be considered equally valuable. But such myth affect the person very badly and they start considering themselves as unimportant humans which is not right. Carers of the person also start considering that the person dealing with dementia needs extra care and attention which may affect their personal life negatively.

Another myth about such individuals is that they are seen as needing pity. This affects the person very badly, and they might start considering themselves as dependent people who cannot do anything without the help of other people.

Stereotypes about such people also have a negative impact on the condition of people and their carers. Like they cannot drive, this is not right and people with dementia can drive but such stereotypes restrain such people from driving and performing such basic activities.

They are also not accepted in any profession considering that they are unable for any professional interaction this weakens the confidence of people who are dealing with dementia.

CONCLUSION

From the above study, it has been summarized that the early stage of diagnosis and treatment played an important role in solving problems that people with dementia face and suffer from. It has also shown different causes or diseases of dementia syndrome which affect different brain parts of an individual. It has also shown the most common and exposed area which got affected by dementia and becomes the reason for memory loss. It has also shown ways of individuals to process information and when it gets affected it leads to different types of dementia as it affects different parts of the brain. Further, It has also shown the importance of recording signs as well as the process of dementia in an individual with agreed ways of working. Different techniques that are being used in fulfilling the fluctuating needs of an individual with dementia play an important role as they help nurses treat patients in a timely and effective manner. Lastly, this report discussed the negative effects of some myths and stereotypes on individuals and their careers. Several techniques and theories helped people with dementia decrease the negative impacts of myths.

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